Amazon Manu Monkeys

Amazon Manu Monkeys .

Manu National Park hosts thirteen non-human primate species (Terborgh, 1983; Emmons and Feer, 1990; Pacheco et al., 1993; Shepard, 2002; ). Of these, spider monkeys and woolly monkeys are preferred by Matsigenka hunters. Howler monkeys and two species of capuchins are also hunted, but less frequently, while the owl monkey is considered a delicacy by some hunters. Other small primate species such as squirrel monkeys, emperor and saddle-back tamarins, dusky titis and monk sakis may be taken on occa-sion, either as substitute prey on unsuccessful forays or by younger or less skilled hunters. An unidentified primate spe-cies known as marapito (possibly the rare Goeldi’s monkey) is also taken occasionally. The tiny pygmy marmoset has never been observed to be hunted, and is attributed magical powers by some hunters. Due to the firearms prohibition, the Matsigenka hunt mostly with palm-wood bows and bamboo-tipped arrows, using visual and auditory cues to locate monkey troops. Hunters also exchange information about recent sightings. Hunters imitate woolly and spider monkey calls well enough to elicit responses or even attract naïve troops. Upon encountering a monkey troop, hunters try to position themselves for a nearly vertical shot as high as 30 m. Hunters try to pick out the large adult males or kurakas (a Quechua loan word meaning “leader”) as targets for their first arrows. If the first arrow does not hit the animal in the chest, or if the troop is scared off, the hunter must pursue the fleeing animals, often targeting the slower-moving females burdened by young. Even fatally wounded monkeys are often able to climb into a tall tree and get a firm grip on a branch, and hence do not fall when they die. Hunters frequently recover their prey by climbing high into the canopy, and falls causing severe injuries or death are known to happen. Other noted hunting accidents include being struck by a stray arrow and snakebite (Shepard, 1999a; Izquierdo and Shepard, 2004).

Alouatta sara – Amazon
350—550 m SVL 430—690 TAIL 500—800 P 4—12 kg
Big size, arboreal and diurnal. Gregarious, with a dominant male, several females and their offspring. It uses the middle and upper strata of the forest tropical amazon , where it feeds on leaves in this área .

Black spider monkey – Aazon Manu .
350- 550 m SVL 431—532 TAIL 740—879 P 8—10 kg

Arboreal and diurnal. Live in groups formed by individuals of both sexes and different ages. Use the highest strata of the forest amazon. It feeds on fruits, flowers, leaves and insects.

Tschudi´s Woolly Monkey – Amazon Manu park .

350 -2150 m SVL 400—686 TAIL 550—800 P 8—11,5 kg
Arboreal and diurnal. It has gray fur, dense and woolly. Its prehensile tail is highly used for moving. Gregarious and mainly frugivorous, they disperse to feed themselves in the are wild amazon .

Shock – headed Capuchin – Amazon . .
1000—1460 m SVL 358—460 TAIL 365—475 P 1.1—4.3 kg
Medium size, arboreal, diurnal and occasionally nocturnal. It is a gregarious species, which can adapt to different types of forests amazon , using all strata, its diet is omnivorous.

Large – headed Capuchin – amazon wild
1000-1460 m SVL 350—50 TAIL 375—500 P 1,35—4,8 kg
Medium size, arboreal, diurnal and occasionally nocturnal. It is a gregarious species, which can adapt to different types of forests live in the amazon , using all strata, its diet is omnivorous .

Southern Tamandua – amazon .
350-1700m SVL 522—880 TAIL 370—590 P 3,6—8,5 kg

Arboreal and terrestrial; solitary, diurnal and nocturnal. The long tubular snout and the long thin tongue with very sticky saliva, are adaptations for its diet based on termites, ants and wasps thr live in forest amazon wild .

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